| 43 | BC | Pyrrhic senatorial victory over Marc Antony at Mutina [Modena] -- Learn More |
| 0 | | Feast of St. Kateri Tekakwitha, known as "Lily of the Mohawks," Patron of Native Americans |
| 1413 | | Venetians defeat the Hungarians in Friulia |
| 1421 | | the dikes at Dort, Holland, broke, 100,000 people drowned |
| 1488 | | Caterina Sforza refused to surrender Forli to the Orsi, despite threats against her children -- Learn More |
| 1521 | | Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther |
| 1524 | | Giovanni da Verrazano enters New York Bay |
| 1536 | | HRE Charles V challenges Francis I of France to personal combat, but is refused |
| 1625 | | Franco-Piedmontese forces capture Gavi from the Spanish-Genoese |
| 1793 | | Battle of Warsaw: Russians crush Polish insurgents |
| 1796 | | Battle of Ceva ends: French defeat the Austro-Piedmontese (from 16th) |
| 1797 | | British troops under Abercromby invade in Puerto Rico - will fail to capture San Juan |
| 1808 | | Napoleon's Bayonne Decree authorizes seizure of American ships |
| 1846 | | Winfield Scott defeated Antonio López de Santa Anna in the Battle of Cerro Gordo -- Learn More |
| 1848 | | Battle of Visco: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists |
| 1861 | | Confederacy authorizes privateers |
| 1861 | | U.S. steamer 'Star of West' captured by Confederates, Indianola, Texas |
| 1861 | | Virginia is the 8th state to secede |
| 1863 | | Brig. Gen. Benjamin Grierson begins a raid from La Grange, Tn., to Baton Rouge, La |
| 1864 | | Battle of Plymouth, NC |
| 1864 | | Bread riot in Savannah, Georgia |
| 1864 | | Grant suspends prisoner-of-war exchanges over Confederate refusal to treat black troops as soldiers |
| 1865 | | Mary Surratt is arrested as a conspirator in Lincoln's assassination |
| 1868 | | British burn and abandon Magdala, Abyssinia |
| 1895 | | Treaty of Shimonoseki: Sino-Japanese War ends (1894-1895), China loses Formosa |
| 1916 | | Italian troops storm the summit of Col di Lana at Merano |
| 1941 | | Iraq: British reinforcements arrive to defeat pro-fascist coup |
| 1941 | | Yugoslavia surrenders to the Germans |
| 1942 | | Burma: Anglo-Indians & Chinese are unable to hold the Japanese advance |
| 1942 | | Germans begin to destroy the Sobibor Concentration Camp |
| 1944 | | Chinese forces in northern Burma resume the offensive. |
| 1944 | | Last Japanese offensive in China, to seize B-29 bases. |
| 1945 | | Baltic: German SS 'Goya' (5,230 GRT) sunk, c. 6,000 killed |
| 1945 | | German occupiers flood Wieringermeer, Netherlands |
| 1945 | | Mussolini flees from Salo, heading for Milan |
| 1945 | | U.S. forces land on Mindanao Island, Philippines. |
| 1961 | | 1,400 Cuban exiles landed at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow Castro, all were killed or captured by the 19th |
| 1975 | | Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh, initiating a reign of terror |
| 1277 | | Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Paleologos (1294/1295-1320) |
| 1313 | | Guido di Lusignano was born, later King Constantine III/V of Lesser Armenia (1342-1344, |
| 1573 | | Maximilian I, Duke and Elector of Bavaria (1597-1651) |
| 1788 | | Joseph Gilbert Totten, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 |
| 1809 | | Philip St George Cooke, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1861 |
| 1813 | | Henry Washington Benham, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1884 |
| 1884 | | Leo Max Frank, American Jewish businessman, lynched in Georgia, 1915 |
| 1894 | | Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, War Commissar (1941-1945), Party Head/Premier (1953-64), d. 1971 |
| 1915 | | Anthony Quinn, actor ("Back to Bataan"), d. 2001 |
| 1917 | | Joseph J. Foss, "Joe Foss," ace who broke Eddie Rickenbacker's score from WW I, Medal of Honor, governor of North Dakota -- h Learn More |
| 1918 | | William Holden, AAF veteran, actor ("Stalag 17", "Bridge Over the River Kwai"), d. 1981 |
| 1958 | | Sergei Y Vozovikov, cosmonaut |
| 43 | BC | Aulus Hirtius, c. 57, general, author (Book VIII of "Caesar's Commentaries"), Consul, kia at Modena |
| 43 | BC | Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, general, Consul, d/w from Forum Gallorum, 15th |
| 744 | | Caliph Walid ibn Yazid - Walid II of Baghdad (743-744), murdered |
| 818 | | King Bernard of the Lombards (810-818), c. 21, from complications after being blinded by his cousin Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I |
| 858 | | Pope Benedict III (Sep 29, 855-April 17, 858) |
| 1196 | | Emir Hisham I ibn 'Abd al-Rahman of al-Andalus (788-796), 39 |
| 1344 | | King Constantine III/IV of Lesser Armenia (1342-1344), formerly Guido di Lusignano, c. 31 |
| 1355 | | Doge Marino Falieri of Venice (1354-1355), beheaded by the Serenissima for treason |
| 1427 | | Duke Jan IV of Brabant and Limburg (1415-1427), 23 |
| 1433 | | Stefano Colonna, Co-Lord of Palestrina, Condottiero, murdered by his nephew Salvatore Colonna, Co-Lord of Palestrina, who was promptly lynched in a popular uprising. |
| 1605 | | Pope Leo XI - Alessandro Ottaviano de'Medici (1-17 Apr 1605), at 69 |
| 1616 | | Tokugawa Ieyasu, 73, retired First Tokugawa Shogun (1603-1605) |
| 1711 | | Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I von Habsburg (1705-11), at 32 |
| 1790 | | Benjamin Franklin, sometime militiaman and military engineer, at 84 -- Learn More |
| 1830 | | David Cobb, former aide-de-camp to George Washington, Governor of Massachusetts, at 81 -- Learn More |
| 1945 | | Walter Model, Nazi field marshal, suicide at 54, rather than surrender |
| 1983 | | Gen. Mark W Clark, at 87 |
| 1987 | | Dick Shawn, actor ("What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?"), at 63 |
| 1997 | | Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-93), at 78 |