| 356 | BC | Herostratus burned the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, in order to attain lasting fame |
| 0 | | Feast of St. Thorlak Thorhallsson, Patron of Iceland, and that of St. Apollinaris of Ravenna, Patron of Emilia-Romagna |
| 186 | | 12,000 Confederate troopa began moving by rail frm the Shenandoah Balley to Bull Run -- Learn More |
| 514 | | Election of Pope Hormisdas (514-523), later canonized |
| 1031 | | Henry I succeeds Robert II as King of France |
| 1187 | | Saladin captures Jaffa |
| 1346 | | Battle of Zara: The Venetians defeat the Hungarians |
| 1402 | | Battle of Angora: The Tatars defeat the Ottoman Turks |
| 1502 | | Cesare Borgia captures Camerino |
| 1609 | | Samuel de Champlain killed two Mohawk chiefs with a musket, near Ticongeroga, N.Y. -- Learn More |
| 1805 | | Over protests about the sea state by his admirals (one of whom he fires and exiles), Napoleon orders a review of the fleet at Boulogne, hundreds drown. |
| 1808 | | Battle of Bailen: The Spanish defeat the French |
| 1810 | | Colombia declares independence from Spain |
| 1812 | | USS 'Nautilus' captured by the Royal Navy |
| 1813 | | Battle of Sorauren, Day 3: Anglo-Spanish defeat the French |
| 1846 | | USSs 'Columbus' & 'Vincennes' fail to "open" Japan |
| 1858 | | Gathering of Plombieres: Napoleon III and Cavour plot war with Austria |
| 1860 | | Battle of Milazzo, Sicily: Garibaldi defeats Borbon troops |
| 1861 | | Confederate Congress convenes at Richmond |
| 1864 | | Battle of Peachtree Creek: Confederates defeated |
| 1866 | | Battle of Lissa: Austrian fleet defeats the Italian fleet in the Adriatic |
| 1871 | | Queen Victoria abolishes the practice of purchasing commissions in the British Army |
| 1881 | | Sioux leader Sitting Bull surrenders to federal troops |
| 1899 | | Five Italian-Americans are lynched in Tallulah, Louisiana |
| 1913 | | Turks retake Adrianople from the Bulgarians |
| 1914 | | Grand review of the Royal Navy off the Isle of Wight for King George V |
| 1917 | | Eugene Jacque Bullard, black American Foreign Legionnaire, is commissioned a fighter pilot in the Lafayette Flying Corps |
| 1917 | | British physician Helen Mackay found reason to write the poem "Trains" -- Learn More |
| 1942 | | Congress creates the Legion of Merit |
| 1942 | | First WAACs begin basic training |
| 1942 | | German raider 'Thor' sinks a British freighter in the Indian Ocean. |
| 1943 | | Kula Gulf: two Japanese DDs are sunk by U.S. aircraft |
| 1943 | | Solomons: Japanese sub damages Australian CL Hobart. |
| 1944 | | Death March of 1,200 Jews begins from Lipcani, Moldavia |
| 1944 | | Marines land on Guam. |
| 1944 | | The July Plot: Hitler isn't assassinated |
| 1944 | | Battle of the Philippine Sea: Japanese CV 'Hiyo' sunk by US air attack |
| 1945 | | Gala harbor reception for 15,000 men of the 44th Inf Div (NY/NJ NG) as they arrive at Pier 90, Manhattan, aboard the 'Queen Elizabeth' |
| 1945 | | USS 'Threadfin' (SS-410) sinks Japanese 'Minesweeper No. 39' in the Yellow Sea. |
| 1948 | | US reinstitutes the draft, for the Cold War |
| 1949 | | Israel's 19 month war of independence ends |
| 1969 | | Apollo XI astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin made the first moon landing |
| 1974 | | Responding to attacks on Turkish residents, Turkey invades Cyprus |
| 1976 | | Last US troops leave Thailand |
| 1982 | | IRA bombs explode in two London parks |
| 2012 | | Mass shooting at a movie theatre in Aurora, Colorado, 12 die |
| 356 | BC | Alexander III "the Great" of Macedon (336-323 BC) [or maybe the 21st] |
| 356 | BC | Alexander, son of Philip II of Macedon, later noted conqueror and drunkard, d. 323 B.C. [est] |
| 1304 | | Francesco Petrarcha, poet, humanist, lover of Laura, d. 1374 |
| 1774 | | Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont, Marshal of France, d. 1852 |
| 1785 | | Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II (1808-39) |
| 1824 | | Alexander Schimmelpfennig, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1865 |
| 1897 | | Carl B. Eielson, American aviator and polar explorer, d. 1929 -- Learn More |
| 1900 | | Heinrich Himmler, mass murderer, suicide, 1945 |
| 1919 | | Sir Edmund Hillary, war hero, co-conqueror of Mt. Everest, d. 2008 |
| 1920 | | Benjamin Rush Toland, later 1st Lt., U.S.M.C.R, kia on Iwo Jima -- Learn More |
| 1031 | | King Robert II "the Pious" or "the Wise" of the Franks/France (996-1031) |
| 1454 | | King Juan II of Castile, at 49 |
| 1609 | | Samuel 'Hunterry' de Champlain, French soldier, explorer, and "Founder of New France," c. 60 -- Learn More |
| 1866 | | Capt. Emilio Faà di Bruno, 46, Italian naval officer, kia, Battle of Lissa |
| 1923 | | Doroteo Arango Arámbula - Pancho Villa, murdered at 55 -- Learn More |
| 1927 | | King Ferdinand I of Romania (1914-1927), at 61 |
| 1936 | | José Sanjurjo y Sacanell, Marquess of the Rif, 64, Spanish dictator-aspirant, plane crash |
| 1937 | | Guglielmo Marconi, inventor of radio, at 63 |
| 1944 | | Prince Joachim Murat, 24, kia, during the Liberation of France |
| 1951 | | King Abdullah I of Jordan (1921-1951), assassinated at 69 while at prayer in the Al Aqsa Mosque, by 21 year old Palestinian Mustafa Ashi, who is promptly shot by the Royal Bodyguards |
| 1959 | | Fleet Admiral William Daniel Leahy, First Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 84 -- Learn More |
| 1976 | | Joseph John Rochefort, 76, U.S. naval officer, cryptanalyst. who broke the Japanese code |
| 2005 | | James Doohan, Canadian, D-Day Veteran, actor ("Lt. Cdr. Montgomery Scott"), at 80 |